James Madison
Federalist No. 49 — 1788
Category: The People
The passions, therefore, not the reason, of the public would sit in judgment. But it is the reason, alone, of the public, that ought to control and regulate the government. The passions ought to be controlled and regulated by the government.
James Madison (likely)
Federalist No. 62 — 1788
Category: Commerce
Every new regulation concerning commerce or revenue; or in any manner affecting the value of the different species of property, presents a new harvest to those who watch the change and can trace its consequences; a harvest reared not by themselves but by the toils and cares of the great body of their fellow citizens. This is a state of things in which it may be said with some truth that laws are made for the few not for the many.
James Madison
letter to William Bradford — 1774
Category: Religious Liberty
That diabolical Hell conceived principle of persecution rages amoung some and to their eternal Infamy the Clergy can furnish their Quota of Imps for such business,
James Madison
Speech in Congress — 1790
Category: Budget
There is not a more important and fundamental principle in legislation, than that the ways and means ought always to face the public engagements; that our appropriations should ever go hand in hand with our promises. To say that the United States should be answerable for twenty-five millions of dollars without knowing whether the ways and means can be provided, and without knowing whether those who are to succeed us will think with us on the subject, would be rash and unjustifiable. Sir, in my opinion, it would be hazarding the public faith in a manner contrary to every idea of prudence.
James Madison
Federalist No. 49 — 1788
Category: Government
It may be considered as an objection inherent in the principle, that as every appeal to the people would carry an implication of some defect in the government, frequent appeals would in great measure deprive the government of that veneration which time bestows on every thing, and without which perhaps the wisest and freest governments would not possess the requisite stability.
James Madison
letter to Henry Lee — 1824
Category: Constitutional Interpretation
I entirely concur in the propriety of resorting to the sense in which the Constitution was accepted and ratified by the nation. In that sense alone it is the legitimate Constitution. And if that is not the guide in expounding it, there may be no security
James Madison
Federalist No. 14 — 1787
Category: America
Is it not the glory of the people of America, that whilst they have paid a decent regard to the opinions of former times and other nations, they have not suffered a blind veneration for antiquity, for custom, or for names, to overrule the suggestions of their own good sense, the knowledge of their own situation, and the lessons of their own experience? To this manly spirit, posterity will be indebted for the possession, and the world for the example of the numerous innovations displayed on the American theatre, in favor of private rights and public happiness.
James Madison
National Gazette Essay — 1792
Category: Rights
As a man is said to have a right to his property, he may be equally said to have a property in his rights. Where an excess of power prevails, property of no sort is duly respected. No man is safe in his opinions, his person, his faculties, or his possessions.
James Madison
Federalist No. 49 — 1788
Category: Government
[I]t is the reason alone, of the public, that ought to control and regulate the government.
James Madison
Second Inaugural Address — 1813
Category: National Defense
To render the justice of the war on our part the more conspicuous, the reluctance to commence it was followed by the earliest and strongest manifestations of a disposition to arrest its progress. The sword was scarcely out of the scabbard before the enemy was apprised of the reasonable terms on which it would be resheathed.
James Madison
First Inaugural Address — 1809
Category: International Relations
[T]o exclude foreign intrigues and foreign partialities, so degrading to all countries and so baneful to free ones; to foster a spirit of independence too just to invade the rights of others, too proud to surrender our own, too liberal to indulge unworthy prejudices ourselves and too elevated not to look down upon them in others; to hold the union of the States on the basis of their peace and happiness; to support the Constitution, which is the cement of the Union, as well in its limitations as in its authorities; to respect the rights and authorities reserved to the States and to the people as equally incorporated with and essential to the success of the general... as far as sentiments and intentions such as these can aid the fulfillment of my duty, they will be a resource which can not fail me.
James Madison
letter to the Dey of Algiers — 1816
Category: International Relations
It is a principle incorporated into the settled policy of America, that as peace is better than war, war is better than tribute.
James Madison
Federalist No. 57 — 1788
Category: House of Representatives
Such will be the relation between the House of Representatives and their constituents. Duty gratitude, interest, ambition itself, are the cords by which they will be bound to fidelity and sympathy with the great mass of the people.
James Madison
letter to William Bradford — 1774
Category: Religious Liberty
Religious bondage shackles and debilitates the mind and unfits it for every noble enterprize, every expanded prospect.
James Madison
Memorial and Remonstrance Against Religious Assessments — 1785
Category: Religious Liberty
It is the duty of every man to render to the Creator such homage and such only as he believes to be acceptable to him. This duty is precedent, both in order of time and in degree of obligation, to the claims of Civil Society.
James Madison
Federalist No. 37 — 1788
Category: Constitution
It is impossible for the man of pious reflection not to perceive in it [the Constitution] a finger of that Almighty hand which has been so frequently and signally extended to our relief in the critical stages of the revolution.
James Madison
proposed amendment to the Constitution, given in a speech in the House of Representatives — 1789
Category: Religious Liberty
The civil rights of none, shall be abridged on account of religious belief or worship, nor shall any national religion be established, nor shall the full and equal rights of conscience be in any manner, or on any pretext infringed.
James Madison
essay on Property — 1792
Category: Religious Liberty
Conscience is the most sacred of all property.
James Madison
letter to Jacob de la Motta — 1820
Category: Religious Liberty
Among the features peculiar to the political system of the United States, is the perfect equality of rights which it secures to every religious sect.
James Madison
letter to Edward Livingston — 1822
Category: Religious Liberty
We are teaching the world the great truth that Governments do better without Kings & Nobles than with them. The merit will be doubled by the other lesson that Religion Flourishes in greater purity, without than with the aid of Government.
James Madison
Federalist No. 10 — 1787
Category: Government
The diversity in the faculties of men from which the rights of property originate, is not less an insuperable obstacle to a uniformity of interests. The protection of these faculties is the first object of government.
James Madison
Federalist No. 10 — 1787
Category: Separation of Powers
[T]he great security against a gradual concentration of the several powers in the same department consists in giving to those who administer each department the necessary constitutional means and personal motives to resist encroachment of the others.
James Madison
Federalist No. 39
Category: Republican Government
If we resort for a criterion to the different principles on which different forms of government are established, we may define a republic to be, or at least may bestow that name on, a government which derives all its powers directly or indirectly from the great body of the people, and is administered by persons holding their offices during pleasure for a limited period, or during good behavior.
James Madison
on Thomas Jefferson in a letter to Nicholas P. Trist — 1826
Category: Founders on Founders
[He] will live in the memory and gratitude of the wise & good, as a luminary of Science, as a votary of liberty, as a model of patriotism, and as a benefactor of human kind.
James Madison
Federalist No. 51
Category: Separation of Powers
A dependence on the people is, no doubt, the primary control on the government; but experience has taught mankind the necessity of auxiliary precautions.