The Not-So-Long Goodbye to U.S. Manufacturing Jobs
Manufacturing employment in the United States peaked 36 years ago in June 1979. That month, the U.S. had a civilian labor force of 104,638,000 and 19,553,000 — or about 18.7 percent — were employed in manufacturing. Last month, the U.S. had a civilian labor force 157,469,000, but only 12,355,000 — or about 7.8 percent — were employed in manufacturing. Between those two dates, the number of Americans who held a job or actively sought one increased by 52,831,000. But manufacturing jobs declined by 7,198,000. In 1979, when manufacturing jobs peaked, households headed by Americans who had completed high school but not attended college enjoyed a median income of $54,503 in constant 2013 dollars.
Manufacturing employment in the United States peaked 36 years ago in June 1979. That month, the U.S. had a civilian labor force of 104,638,000 and 19,553,000 — or about 18.7 percent — were employed in manufacturing.
Last month, the U.S. had a civilian labor force 157,469,000, but only 12,355,000 — or about 7.8 percent — were employed in manufacturing.
Between those two dates, the number of Americans who held a job or actively sought one increased by 52,831,000. But manufacturing jobs declined by 7,198,000.
In 1979, when manufacturing jobs peaked, households headed by Americans who had completed high school but not attended college enjoyed a median income of $54,503 in constant 2013 dollars.
In 2013, the latest year on record, those households had a median income of $40,701 in constant 2013 dollars — a real drop of $13,802.
Ford Motor Company recently put out a statement bragging about some jobs it will be creating that puts some perspective on this.
The statement was released April 17 — in Mexico City.
“Ford has 11,300 employees in Mexico,” said the statement. “The Ford Fiesta, Fusion and Lincoln MKZ as well as the hybrid versions of both are manufactured in Mexico. Ford also has established an Engineering Center in Mexico, which employs more than 1,100 engineers who support global projects.”
That just set the foundation.
“… Ford today announced a $2.5 billion investment in two new facilities building a new generation of engines and transmissions in the states of Chihuahua and Guanjuato, respectively,” the statement said.
This investment, it said, “will bring 3,800 direct new jobs plus additional indirect jobs to Mexico.”
The Ford statement spoke of the U.S. as an “export” market for Ford’s Mexican-built engines.
“The new engine facility is being built within Ford’s Chihuahua Engine Plant, where the company will produce a new gasoline-powered engine,” said Ford. “This $1.1 billion investment and 1,300 new jobs will allow Ford to export engines to the U.S., Canada, South America and the Asia-Pacific region, supporting the company’s growing small car lineup.”
Data released by the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis indicates Ford is not alone among U.S. multinationals creating jobs — particularly manufacturing jobs — in Mexico.
In 2009, U.S. multinationals maintained 969,000 jobs in Mexico. By 2012, the latest year for which BEA has published numbers, that had climbed to 1,106,700 jobs — an increase of 137,700 in four years.
Of the 1,106,700 jobs U.S.-controlled multinationals maintained in Mexico in 2012, 546,500 — or 49 percent — were in manufacturing.
BEA reported that at least 100,000 of the jobs that U.S. multinationals had created in Mexico as of 2012 were in manufacturing “transportation equipment.” 53,700 were in manufacturing “computers and electronic products.”
Back in 1993, President Bill Clinton won approval for the North American Free Trade Agreement, which he pushed through Congress with a fast-track authority that required a simple majority vote in both houses. The agreement created a free-trade zone between Mexico, the United States and Canada.
Now Congress is moving to grant fast-track authority to President Obama so he can finalize negotiations on the “Trans-Pacific Partnership,” and move that deal through Congress, without amendment and by simple majorities in both houses.
“The Trans-Pacific Partnership is a proposed regional free trade agreement among 12 countries: Australia, Brunei, Canada, Chile, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, Peru, Singapore, the United States, and Vietnam,” the Congressional Research Service explained in a June 10 report.
Six of these countries — Mexico, Canada, Australia, Chile, Peru and Singapore — already have free-trade agreements with the United States. So the five newcomers who will be granted free access to the U.S. market include Communist Vietnam, Malaysia, Brunei, New Zealand and Japan.
In Malaysia, which has a population of about 30 million, U.S.-controlled multinationals have already created 157,900 jobs, according to the BEA. 112,000 of those — or about 71 percent — are manufacturing jobs. Of those manufacturing jobs, 83,000 are in manufacturing “computers and electronic products.”
If Congress enacts President Obama’s TPP, will U.S.-controlled multinationals, on net, move the jobs they have created in Malaysia back to the United States or will they create more jobs in Malaysia rather than in the United States?
Will they be releasing statements bragging about the new jobs they are about to create from somewhere in the United States of America — or from Kuala Lumpur?
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